Designing with Failure in Mind-Multiple Responses to System Failure. Perihelion and Earthquakes

摘要

Every system can fail. Systems in harsh or challenging environments, like radiation,rnchronic and frequent use, and weather variations, also can fail. At perihelion, the Sun isrnclose to the Earth and could be associated with earthquakes. Gravitational forcesrnincrease, when the Sun is close to the Earth, and the magma, crust, surface, plates mightrnbe affected like Io is affected by close approach of Jupiter. Should we shut down thernnation's bridges or evacuate the coasts during such times so that there is no risk of loss ofrnlife on bridges or from tsunami? Such a response leads to new problems like foodrndistribution and evacuation questions. The poster will list types of radiation that arnspacecraft or astronaut can encounter from gamma, cosmic rays, UV, alpha, beta,rnphotons, etc. The idea of responding with multiple tools and shields to protect arnspacecraft or astronaut from damage will be discussed.rnThe idea of multiple responses can be applied to bridge design as well. One couldrnimagine putting a secondary bridge or pontoon system separately supported underneathrnunstable bridges. Does the risk of failure increase as the supporting environment aroundrnthe bridge is utilized for supporting a unique structure? Bridges on Io and Europa arernlooked at. Possibilities of success/failure with each design is discussed.rnThe interaction of multiple responses themselves can lead to system failure. A radiationrnprotection device like a heat shield could increase temperatures and secondary radiationsrntoo much and lead to system failures. Multiple responses are useful/helpful, but can creaternproblems as they can increase system and structure stresses and failures.