本文旨在研究奶牛产后子宫内优势菌群随时间的动态变化及细菌种类与子宫黏液性状之间的关系,以便于临床的快速诊断及治疗.选取分娩日期临近、产后子宫黏液性状不同的荷斯坦奶牛42头,于分娩后10、20、30和40 d采集子宫黏液,体外培养法进行细菌分离、鉴定.结果显示,产后奶牛子宫内分离率最高的细菌分别为大肠杆菌(85.7％)、变形杆菌(64.3％)和葡萄球菌(61.9％)；除大肠杆菌在整个试验期分离率均较高外,产后10、20、30和40 d优势细菌分别为葡萄球菌、产气荚膜梭菌、沙门氏菌和葡萄球菌.白色或灰白色脓性黏液,黄色或土黄色黏液中细菌平均分离株数(5.6±0.4,5.5±1.4)高于清亮透明黏液(3.5±1.6),其中沙门氏菌、变形杆菌、链球菌和化脓隐秘杆菌产后30和40 d的分离株数高于清亮黏液,说明其可能与白色或黄色脓性黏液的出现相关；产后40 d黄色或土黄色化脓性黏液可能与产气荚膜梭菌的出现相关；而粪肠球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌产后20、30、40 d在脓性黏液中分离数高于清亮黏液,说明其作为有益菌可能在分泌不正常黏液的子宫内具有抵抗病原菌的作用.结果表明,产后奶牛子宫内优势菌群呈动态变化,子宫黏液性状与特异病原菌的出现有关.%Dynamic changes of predominate bacteria in the uterus of postpartum dairy cows, and the relationship of uterus mucus characterestic and dominate bacteria community were investigated. Uterus mucus of total 42 dairy cows was collected on the 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after parturition, respectively. Bacteria were isolated and subsequently identified by aerobic and anaerobic cultures using standard bacteriological techniques. The results showed that the most prevalent bacteria in uterine after parturition were E. coli (85. 7%) , Proteus (64. 3%) and Staphylococcus sp. (61. 9%). The dominant bacteria on 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after parturition were Staphylococcus sp. , Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella sp. , Staphylococcus sp. , respectively. It was found that E. coli had high isolation rate at each timepoint. The number of bacteria isolated from white or off white mucus and yellow or earthy yellow purulent mucus (5. 6 + 0. 4,5. 5 + 1. 4) were higher than that isolated from clear mucus (3. 5 + 1. 6). The isolation rate of Salmonella, Proteus sp. , Streptococcus sp. and Arcanobacterium pyogenes from white or yellow purulent mucus were more than that from clear mucus on 30 and 40 days postpartum. Clostridium perfringens was associated with yellow or earthy yellow purulent mucus on 40 days postpartum. It indicates that the dominant bacterial community changes with time after parturition, and the characteristic of uterus mucus is associated with specific pathogenic bacteria.
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