一种非均匀部署传感网的能量空洞缓解方法

摘要

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN),nodes near the center tend to consume more energy as they are responsible for receiving and forwarding data from the whole network,which leads to a non-uniform energy consumption among nodes,that is so called the "energy hole problem".To prolong network lifetime and balance energy consumption in the cluster-tree based sensor network,a type of energy hole mitigation strategy in a circular network has been proposed.Network has been divided into several virtual annuluses for multi-hop transmission and nodes have been non-uniformly deployed in it.Moreover,for balancing energy consumption on data uploading,the number of nodes in the inner annulus is more than that in the outer one.According to the residual energy and the communication distance of its neighbor,each node has chosen an optimal parent in the adjacent annulus for data uploading.Simulation results have shown that this method could effectively prolong network lifetime by comparing with other energy hole avoidance algorithms and has also performed well on balancing energy consumption in the multi-hop transmission network and could effectively mitigate the energy hole problem.%在无线传感网中,网络中心附近的节点由于要负责全网数据的接收和转发,将会消耗更多能量,从而造成节点间能耗不均,产生"能量空洞问题".为延长簇树状无线传感网的网络生命期并均衡网内各节点能耗,提出了一种面向圆形传感器网络的能量空洞缓解方法.该方法将网络划分为虚拟的环状结构以满足多跳数据传输的要求,感知节点非均匀地分布在该圆形网络中,内环中的节点数总是多于外环,以确保数据上传过程中的能耗均衡性,各节点根据其邻近节点的剩余能量和通信距离,选择相邻环内的最优节点作为父节点上传数据.仿真实验结果表明,与其他典型的能量空洞避免方法相比,所提出的方法有效延长了网络生命期,在多跳传感网中较好地实现了能耗均衡,有效地缓解了能量空洞的产生.