中国高技术产业集聚程度变动趋势及影响因素——基于新经济地理学的视角

摘要

By analyzing the geographical distribution and calculating Theil index, the paper puts forward that the agglomeration degree of China's hi-tech industry increased and then declined from 1997 to 2010. The empirical results show that the New Economic Geography factors, such as scale economy, transportation convenience and human capital all play remarkable roLes on promoting hi-tech industry agglomeration. Transportation convenience and industry agglomeration are inverted U shaped relationship; the promoting effect of human capital on agglomeration needs a process of digesting and absorbing. Spillover and FDI are also important determinants on hi-tech industry agglomeration. New economic geography factors have obviously different effects on hi-tech industry agglomeration in different regions.%通过对高技术产业地理分布的分析和泰尔指数的测算,发现1997-2010年中国高技术产业集聚呈现先上升后下降的态势.利用面板数据的实证研究发现:新经济地理理论中的规模经济、交通便利度和人力资本因素均对中国高技术产业的区域集聚产生显著影响,、其中交通便利度对产业集聚的影响呈倒“U”型,人力资本对高技术产业的促进作用需要一个消化和吸收的过程；技术溢出和外商直接投资也是影响行业集聚的重要因素,前者表现出负的外部性,后者则产生较为显著的正向影响；新经济地理因素对不同区域高技术产业集聚的影响有着明显差异.