PEX基因在过氧化物酶体形成及真菌致病性中的作用

摘要

过氧化物酶体(peroxisomes)是一类真核生物中普遍存在的细胞器,参与β-氧化、乙醛酸循环等多种重要的生化代谢.研究表明,过氧化物酶体在植物病原真菌侵染寄主过程中具有着举足轻重的作用.参与过氧化物酶体形成与增殖的基因,通常称为PEX基因.近年来,越来越多的PEX基因在植物病原真菌中得到鉴定,真菌过氧化物酶体的形成机制及其在植物病原真菌生长发育和致病过程中的作用越来越受到研究者的关注.本文围绕PEX基因在过氧化物酶体形成中的作用、对过氧化物酶体相关生化代谢的影响,以及与植物病原真菌生长发育和致病性的关系进行了综述,以期为植物病原真菌致病机理研究和病害防控提供借鉴和参考.%Peroxisomes are cellular organelles present ubiquitously in eukaryotic cells and are involved in β-oxidation,glyoxylate cycle and a variety of biochemical metabolisms.Recently peroxisomes have been demonstrated to play vital roles in the host infection processes by plant fungal pathogens.The biogenesis of peroxisomes requires a category of proteins named peroxins,which are encoded by the PEX genes.So far,more than 10 PEXgenes were isolated in phytopathogenic fungi,and significant research efforts are focused on the mechanism of peroxisome formation and the roles of peroxisome in the development and pathogenicity of fungal pathogens.In this review,we summarize the latest advances in peroxisome biogenesis and functions in pathogenic fungi,including the roles of PEXs in life cycle of peroxisome,peroxisome related metabolisms,and fungal development,infection and pathogenicity,in order to provide references for future studies in plant pathogenic fungi and the control of disease.