Objective To explore the rare cause of renal failure in childhood IgA nephropathy.MethodsA six year-old boy presented with recurrent gross hematuria for 3 months and increased serum creatinine for 5 days, blood and urine routine test, renal function, urinary protein concentration and renal biopsy were performed for diagnosis.Results The boy had three episodes of recurrent gross hematuria with a predisposed respiratory tract infection, he recovered within a week after antibiotic therapy from previous two episodes, but oliguria and renal failure were occurred in the third episode. Renal biopsy showed IgA nephropathy with presence of red blood cell casts in as much as 50% of the tubular lumen and acute tubular lesion. His renal function recovered gradually to normal within 4 weeks after treatment with anti-infection, diuresis and alkalization of urine. Conclusions This article reported the renal failure case induced by tubular damage and obstruction by red blood cell casts in childhood IgA nephropathy.%目的 探讨IgA肾病时肾衰竭的罕见原因.方法 回顾分析1例IgA肾病肾衰竭患儿的临床资料.结果 男性患儿,6岁,入院前3个月内反复发作性肉眼血尿3次,均有呼吸道感染诱因,不伴明显蛋白尿.前2次经抗感染、对症处后约1周内尿色转清.第3次肉眼血尿发作1天后出现少尿、急性肾衰竭,经血液滤过、抗感染、对症、支持治疗后完善肾活检,病理示轻-中度系膜增生性IgA肾病(M1E1S0T0),伴急性肾小管损伤(肾小管多量红细胞管型).进一步给予抗感染、利尿、碱化尿液等对症、支持治疗,患儿肌酐逐渐下降,病程近4周时恢复正常.结论 IgA肾病时肉眼血尿导致急性肾衰竭较为少见,其主要机制为红细胞管型造成肾小管的机械堵塞.
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