孤独症谱系障碍儿童的共同注意力特点分析

摘要

目的 分析孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的共同注意力特点.方法 收集43例2~6岁ASD儿童,进行共同注意力及Gesell发展诊断量表检查;同时通过匹配Gesell适应性年龄收集15名正常发育儿童作为对照,进行共同注意力检查.结果 ASD组患儿生理年龄高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).与对照组相比,ASD组患儿在各种自发性及回应性共同注意能力(跟随近距离指示和跟随远距离指示)上均存在明显缺陷,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);其中回应性共同注意能力与适应性年龄呈正相关(r=0.516、0.470,P<0.01),但自发性共同注意能力与适应性年龄无相关关系(P>0.05).结论 ASD儿童的自发性及回应性共同注意能力均存在明显缺陷;其回应性共同注意能力可能随适应性年龄提高而提高,但自发性共同注意能力可能难以随年龄提高而提高.%Objective To analyze the joint attention characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Methods2 - 6 years old children with ASD (n=43) are selected to assess their joint attention, and were compared with Gesell adaptive developmental age matched with healthy controls (n=15).Results Adaptability age and sex ratio of the two groups showed no signiflcant difference (P > 0.05), but physiological age showed signiflcant difference (P <0.05). Compared with the healthy controls with same developmental age, children with ASD have obvious defects in both initiative and responsive joint attention abilities (P <0.01). For children with ASD, their joint attention behavior and adaptability age are positively correlated (P <0.01), but initiative joint attention behavior is not correlated with adaptability age (P > 0.05).Conclusions Children with ASD have obvious defects in both initiative and responsive joint attention abilities. With the improvement of adaptability age, the responsive joint attention ability may be increased correspondingly, while it is still difflcult to improve initiative joint attention ability.