Objective To investigate the physical and mental development of small and appropriate for gestational age preterm infants in their early life. Methods This study recruited 220 preterm infants, who were discharged from our hospital and visited preterm following-up clinic at regular intervals from February 2009 to December 2012. All of those infants were divided into two groups based on whether their birth weight below 10th percentile for their gestational ages or not. Weights, lengths and head circumferences were measured up to seventh month age adjusted by gestational age. Meanwhile, mental tests were conducted by the professional staffs working on the children developmental assessment at their adjusted months of 5th, 6th or 7th. All of physical and mental scores were compared between the two groups. Results The SGA group was statistically less than the AGA group on the Z-score of weights from the ifrst to sixth month adjusted by gestational age (P<0.05). The difference disappeared on the seventh adjusted month age (P>0.05). The SGA group was statistically less than the AGA group on the Z-score of lengths from the ifrst to iffth month adjusted by gestational age (P<0.05). The difference disappeared on the sixth and seventh adjusted month age (P>0.05). The SGA group was statistically less than the AGA group on the Z-score of head circumferences from the ifrst to seventh month adjusted by gestational age (P<0.05). The SGA babies scored statistically less than the AGA babies with a mean development quotient score of 96.7 and 102.9, respectively (P<0.05). The scores of movement, cognitive, language in the SGA group were statistically less than those in the AGA group(P<0.05). Conclusions Preterm SGA could achieve satisfactory weight catch-up gain, with a decreasing difference from preterm AGA while they were getting older. But the length catch-up growth of preterm SGA seemed unsatisfactory with a big differece from preterm AGA. There was the worst catch-up on head circumference in those preterm SGA, backward in mental development, particularly in their movement, cognitive and language capacity.%目的：观察早产小于胎龄儿(SGA)和适于胎龄儿(AGA)出院后体格生长及智能发育状况。方法选择2009年2月至2012年12月出院的早产儿220例，根据出生时状况分为SGA组和AGA组，在矫正月龄7个月内定期测量身长、体质量、身长，头围，并由专职人员进行发育商测试，比较两组间差异。结果纠正1~6月龄SGA组体质量Z值均小于AGA组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；纠正7月龄差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；纠正1~5月龄SGA组身长Z值均小于AGA组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)，纠正6月龄之后差异消失；纠正1~7月龄SGA组头围Z值均小于AGA组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SGA组及AGA组在纠正5~7月龄发育商分别为96.7±9.2及102.9±9.9，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；SGA组大运动、认知及语言能区得分均低于AGA组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 SGA早产儿在纠正7月龄内体质量追赶性生长较好，但身长追赶性生长则相对较差，头围追赶最差；SGA早产儿纠正5~7月龄智能发育水平总体落后于AGA早产儿，尤以大运动、认知和语言能区落后较明显。
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