矿区开发为国民经济和国防建设提供了重要保障,但也对当地生态环境造成了极大破坏.以白云鄂博矿区为研究区,在大量野外调查基础上,采用Landsat TM、OLI、Quickbird等遥感数据和数字高程数据(DEM),利用GIS的邻域空间分析功能和频率比分析方法,从土地毁损、植被破坏和土壤侵蚀3个方面,研究矿区开发对生态环境的影响.结果表明,矿区土地占用和毁损情况严重,被占用的土地利用类型以草地为主;离矿区距离越近受破坏程度越大,植被生长状况越差;1990—2014年土壤侵蚀面积基本没变,但矿区500 m范围内轻度等级侵蚀向重度等级侵蚀转移明显.整体来看,白云鄂博矿区周边生态环境呈恶化趋势,且距矿区越近越严重.%Exploitation of mines serves as an important guarantee for the national economy and construction of national de-fense, however, it also brings about great damages to the local ecological environment. With the Bayan Obo mining area ci-ted as object, data acquired through large volumes of field investigations, remote sensing data from Landsat TM, OLI, Quickbird and digital elevation map ( DEM) of the region were analyzed with the neighborhood space analysis function of GIS and specific frequency analysis method for exploration of impacts of exploitation of the mine on ecological environment from the angles of land destruction, vegetation degradation and soil erosion. Results show that the situation of land aliena-tion and destruction was very serious, and most of the alienated land used to be grassland;The closer to the mining area, the more serious the land destruction, and the worse the vegetation grew; In 1990-2014, the acreage of soil erosion did not change much, but the soil erosion within the radius of 500 m of the mining site has turned from mild to severe in de-gree. On the whole, the ecological environment of the Bayan Obo mining area displays a deteriorating trend, and the closer to the mining site the more serious.
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