西部矿产资源开发的生态环境损害与监管

摘要

West China is usually regarded as an important curtain safeguarding ecological security of the country. Large-scale exploitation of the mineral resources there has caused damages to the eco-environment of the region to a certain ex-tent, which has become one of the most important factors restraining sustainable development of the regional economy and society. On the basis of the differentiation and analysis of concepts related to eco-environmental damage caused by mining, status quo of the mineral resources and characteristics of their exploitation in the twelve provinces, autonomous regions or metropolises in West China were elaborated and major eco-environmental damage problems, such as land destruction in mining areas, damage of ecological integrity, soil and water losses, land desertification, environmental pollution, etc., and their adverse impacts defined and discussed. A series of countermeasures were set forth for supervision of eco-environ-ment in areas of mining activities, including ( 1) strictly implementing the existing policies related to eco-environment pro-tection;( 2) establishing a national eco-environmental supervision system;( 3) developing a special program for damage monitoring, risk assessment, protection and restoration of the eco-environment in mining areas of West China; and ( 4) specifying responsibilities of the local governments at various levels and enterprises involved in mining activities for damage of the eco-environment, in expectation of providing some valuable references for decision-making on strengthening protection and restoration of the eco-environment in the mining areas of West China, and promoting protection and con-struction of the ecological security curtain safeguarding sustainable development of the region.%我国西部地区是重要的国家生态安全屏障,大规模的矿产资源开发在一定程度上造成了生态环境损害,成为制约区域经济社会可持续发展的重要因素.在辨析矿山生态环境损害相关概念的基础上,阐述了西部12省(市、自治区)矿产资源概况与开发特点,剖析了矿山土地毁损、生态完整性破坏、水土流失/土地沙漠化和环境污染等主要生态环境损害问题与不利影响,并从严格执行矿山生态环境保护的相关政策,健全国家层面的矿山生态环境监管机制,制定西部地区矿山生态环境损害的监测、风险评估、保护与恢复治理的专项规划,以及落实地方各级政府和企业的矿山生态环境损害责任4个方面,提出了我国西部矿产资源开发生态环境监管的对策建议,以期为加强我国西部地区矿山生态环境保护与恢复治理以及促进区域可持续发展的生态安全屏障保护与建设提供决策参考.