近年来,农家乐的迅速发展使区域污水排放量明显增加,对周边环境造成的污染也越来越大,已成为农村环境保护中亟待解决的问题之一.由于农家乐分布分散,污水量变化大,故难以用常规方法处理.构建了复合介质生物滤器,研究该反应器在农家乐污水处理中的效果.试验结果表明,该装置对COD平均去除率达90%以上,TN达80%以上,TP达70%以上;对氮、磷去除途径分析表明,氨氮的去除主要依赖于硝化/反硝化作用,沸石填料对氨氮的吸附效应强化了这一过程;磷的去除主要依赖于介质的固定.在填料中添加竹颗粒除了可以降低投资成本外,还可起到稳定COD并提高磷去除率的作用.复合介质生物滤器在污水处理过程中不需要动力且管理方便,是一种具有良好实用性的农家乐污水处理技术.%In recent years,"farm household tourism" has become a business that has been developing rapidly and con-comitantly causing significant increase in wastewater discharge, thus polluting the surrounding environment more and more in extent and posing an urgent problem that calls for solution in rural environment protection in some regions. As the farmer households sponsoring "farm household tourism" are scattered spatially, and vary sharply in wastewater production, it is hard to address this problem effectively with the conventional methods available. The authors have designed and tested a series of "composite-medium bio-filter ( CMB )" systems, different in composition of medium, in laboratory for a continuous period of 114 days to investigate technical feasibility and effects of the CNB systems treating this kind of wastewater. Results show that when the wastewater was 2000-4500, 15-60 and 6-12 mg · L-1 , in concentration of COD, TN and TP, respectively, on average the CMB systems could remove COD by over 90%, TN by over 80% and TP by over 70%. Mass balance analysis indicates that their NH4+ removal depended mainly on nitrification/denitrification, which was enhanced by the filling of zeolite adsorbing NH4+, while TP removal did on adsorption by the media. The addi-tion of bamboo granules into the medium of the filter could not only stabilize the removal rate of COD and enhance that of TP, but also reduce cost. The test indicates that the CMB, easy to manage and free from any need of energy,is a promising technique for treating the wastewater from farm household tourism.
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