分子诊断常用技术50年的沿革与进步

摘要

分子诊断技术即是利用分子生物学方法对人类及病原体的各类遗传物质进行检测，以帮助对疾病进行诊断。自液相杂交技术诞生以来，分子诊断已走过了50年的历程。本文将以技术原理出发对分子诊断技术进行归类与评价，以对目前临床常用技术的沿革进行回顾，并从技术层面对分子诊断的未来进行展望。%Molecular diagnostics techniques uses molecular biology techniques to analyze the nucleotide acid biomarkers of humen or pathogens,and to assist the clinical diagnosis of diseases.Since the innovation of liquid hybridization,molecular diagnostics has witness its rapid development for over half a century.Here we will assort the common molecular diagnostics procedures according to their methodological origins,so as to review the evolution of current clinical techniques,and to get a technical perspective on the development of molecular diagnostics.