种植业多灾种综合险与区域产量指数保险中的大灾风险比较研究

摘要

Catastrophic risk diversification system is critical to the development of agricultural insurance in China. Whether or not the traditional agricultural insurance has an advantage over the index of agricultural insurance in catastrophic risk is still a controversy in the literature. Based on the survey data of the farmer level and the historical county average per unit area yield data of Changde City in Hunan Province, this paper compared the multiple peril crop insurance and the area yield index crop insurance of catastrophic risk by analyzing the catastrophic risk premium loadings and catastrophic risk loading factors. To explore whether index agricultural insurance has a relative advantage over traditional agricultural insurance. Results show that catastrophic risk premium loadings of the area yield index crop insurance of most counties are higher than those of multiple peril crop insurance. The maximum absolute deviation at different return periods is 1.36％. Catastrophic risk loading factors of area yield index crop insurance of all counties are higher than those of multiple peril crop insurance. The highest absolute deviation of risk loading factors is 0.6. Therefore, the area yield index crop insurance may have a higher catastrophic risk than multiple peril crop insurance. In the process of innovation and practice in index insurance products, more attention should be given to the catastrophic risk diversification system.%大灾风险分散制度是当前我国农业保险发展中的重点问题,而大灾风险是否可以作为指数农业保险相对于传统农业保险的优势之一,在文献中仍存在争论.采用种植业保险定价中的大灾风险附加费率以及大灾风险安全系数为关键指标,以湖南省常德市为实证案例,依托农户级别的抽样调查历史单产数据和县级历史单产统计数据,对多灾种综合险和区域产量指数保险的大灾风险进行对比分析,探讨指数农业保险在大灾风险上是否也比传统农业保险具有相对的优势.结果表明,当使用大灾风险附加费率衡量大灾风险时,多数县域的区域产量指数保险高于多灾种综合险,不同重现期水平下的绝对离差可达1.36％.当使用大灾风险安全系数衡量时,所有县域的区域产量指数保险均高于多灾种综合险,安全系数的绝对离差可达0.6.因此,区域产量指数保险可能较多灾种综合险拥有更高的大灾风险,在指数产品创新与实践的过程中,应在大灾风险转移制度上给予更高度的重视.