铲筛激振式马铃薯挖掘机的设计与研究

摘要

In order to solve the problem s of no adaptive m achine type and shortage of pow er w ith a sm all hand tractor whenpotatodiggerworkinginhillyandmountainousareainChina,avibratingpotatodiggerwithshovelandsievewas designed,whichcanreduceresistanceandimprovetheefficiencyofseparation.Therearofdiggingshovelwasdesigned grid-shaped,the inclination angle of separating sieve rack increases from the inside to the outside to enlarge its w orking area.Thevibrationamplitudeandanglesofdiggingshovelcanbeadjustedwithhingefour-rodswingingmechanism and com bined eccentric w heel. Field test results show ed that the digger has w ell separation effect, the obvious rate w as 96.2% , the cleaning rate w as 97.8% and the dam age rate w as less than 3.9% . W ith the forw ard speed is 0.34 m/s, the average traction resistance is 1 498 N w hen no vibration,how ever,the average traction resistance are 1 204 N and 995 N w hen the am plitude are 4 m m and 8 m m respectively, and the frequency is 14 H z. T he results indicated that vibrating shovel can reduce traction resistance and im prove separation efficiency, all the perform ance indexes of the designed diggerm eetthe operation requirem ents.%针对我国丘陵山地作业大型机械不适宜、小型手扶类拖拉机动力不足的问题，以减阻和提高土薯分离效率为目标，设计了一种铲筛激振式马铃薯挖掘机。该机将挖掘铲后端设计成栅格状，分离筛各齿条倾角由内向外增大，增加了土薯分离面积；采用铰链四杆式摆动机构和组合式偏心轮，可实现挖掘铲倾角和振幅调整。田间试验表明，该机土薯分离效果良好，明薯率为96.2%，挖净率为97.8%，伤薯率低于3.9%；在前进速度为0.34 m/s情况下，无振动时的平均牵引阻力为1498 N，而频率为14 Hz，振幅为4 mm和8 mm时的平均牵引阻力分别为1204 N和995 N。研究表明，振动挖掘可以降低牵引阻力，提高土薯分离效率，所设计的挖掘机性能指标均满足作业要求。