Trade policy

摘要

The Economist Intelligence Unit estimates that merchandise exports (free on board-fob) from Poland stood at US$250.8bn in 2020, down from US$260.7bn in 2019. Merchandise imports (fob) amounted to US$240.2bn in 2020 to yield a trade surplus of US$10.6m, compared with imports of US$259.4bn in 2019 and a US$1.3bn surplus. The services balance remained in surplus at US$25.2bn in 2020, compared with a US$26.5bn surplus in 2019.According to Statistics Poland, the country's official statistics agency, the EU-27 is Poland's primary trading partner, accounting for around 67％ of the country's imports and nearly 75％ of its exports. Among its EU trade partners, Germany has held a dominant position since 1990. Poland's two main non-EU trade partners are the US and Russia. Automakers Fiat Chrysler (Italy/US) and Opel (Germany) are among Poland's largest exporters; the local units of both companies have major exporting production facilities in the south of the country. Copper and coal producers are also key exporters. Poland's main imports are machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods (particularly consumer electronics), chemicals and mineral fuels.