Trade policy

摘要

EIU estimates that merchandise exports (free on board-fob) from Poland stood at US$351.8bn in 2022, up from US$311.5bn in 2021. Merchandise imports (fob) amounted to US$374.6bn in 2022 to yield a trade surplus of US$22.8bn, compared with imports of US$320.2bn in 2021 and a US$8.7bn surplus. The services balance remained in surplus at US$34.2bn in 2022, compared with a US$31.7bn surplus in 2021. According to Statistics Poland, the country's official statistics agency, the EU-27 is Poland's primary trading partner, accounting in 2021 for over 51 of the country's imports and just over 75 of its exports. Among its EU trade partners, Germany has held a dominant position since 1990. Poland's main non-EU trade partners are China, the UK, Russia and the US. Automakers Fiat Chrysler (Italy/US) and Opel (Germany) are among Poland's largest exporters; the local units of both companies have major exporting production facilities in the south of the country. Copper and coal producers are also key exporters. Poland's main export as well as import categories are machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods (particularly consumer electronics), chemicals and mineral fuels, and food and live animals.