Heavy Metal Sources and Flows in a Municipal Sewage System: Literature Survey and Field Investigation of the Kokomo, Indiana, Sewage System

摘要

The flow of heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, Zn, PB) and cyanide in the Kokomo, Indiana, collection system and wastewater treatment plant is analyzed. The primary objective is to determine the relative contributions of domestic and non-domestic sources to the total pollutant load in the system, and to assess the levels of discharge control required for the disposal of municipal sludge by landfill or agricultural landspreading. Sampling was conducted at point source locations, in major sewer trunk- and feeder-lines, and at the treatment plant. Production and waste treatment data are presented for point sources sampled for the purpose of characterizing metal and cyanide discharges as a function of these parameters. A simple statistical approach is presented for the design of a cost-effective sampling program for correlating point source and trunkline pollutant sampling.