Based on the background of economic growth from factor-driven to innovation-driven, this paper explores the different effect of government roles in medium small and micro-sized enterprises from a historical and logical view, and uses the survey data of 13 prefecture-level cities of Jiangsu province to test the hypotheses by ordered Probit model.The results show as follows.The direct support policies such as special subsidies and tax incentives can significantly increase the profitability and innovation advantage, so does the government efficiency or service level, which represents indirect support policies.What`s more, different government`s roles play a number of different functions in the innovation and profit ability, the marginal effect of improving government efficiency or service level is larger than tax incentives and special subsidies.Therefore, as economic growth is mainly driven by innovation instead of by factors, the government should not only offer a variety of direct support measures, but also have to adjust their roles, converting from direct support to indirect management and services.%本文基于经济增长由要素驱动到创新驱动的大背景,从历史和逻辑的角度演进,探寻不同政府角色在中小微企业发展中的差异性作用,并采用江苏省13个地级市调研数据,利用Ordered Probit回归模型检验理论假说.结果表明:以专项补贴、税收优惠为代表的直接支持政策和以政府效率或服务水平为代表的间接支持政策都能显著增加企业的盈利和创新优势.政府不同角色带来的盈利效应和创新效应是有差异的,政府效率或服务水平对于企业创新和盈利的边际效应均大于税收优惠和专项补贴.因此,创新驱动型经济中,政府不仅仅是为中小微企业发展提供各种直接支持措施,更要调整其角色定位,从直接扶持转换为间接治理和服务.
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