江苏盐城滨海湿地越冬丹顶鹤种群动态变化与生境选择

摘要

Of the red-crowned cranes ( Grus japonensis) wintering in the coastal wetland of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province population size was investigated during 2006-2014 with the synchronously-investigate method, distributions in 2006, 2009, 2011 and 2014, surveyed, separately, and habitat use and selection in 2006 and 2011 analyzed. Population of the wintering red-crowned cranes in the wetland decreased from 2006 to 2010, and the trend leveled off and then turned up-ward a little bit from 2010 to 2014. In terms of spatial distribution, the wintering red-crowned cranes tended to gather to-wards the core zone of the Yancheng National Nature Reserve. The cranes preferred to hatch and feed in shoals with reeds and wormwoods rather than salt fields, farmlands and fish ponds. It was found that dynamics of the population and habitat selection of the cranes was closely related to a number of factors, like land use, human activities and changes in habitat. In the light of the findings of the research, recommendations are made for conservation of the overwintering ground of red-crowned cranes.%对2006—2014年江苏盐城滨海湿地越冬丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)种群进行同步调查,分析其中4个年度的种群分布和2个年度的生境利用、选择情况.结果表明,2006—2010年在盐城滨海湿地越冬的丹顶鹤数量呈下降趋势;2010—2014年丹顶鹤种群数量稳定,且略有增长.丹顶鹤分布区域有向核心区集中的趋势.丹顶鹤对苇滩和盐蒿滩表现出正选择,对农田、盐田、水产养殖塘表现出负选择.丹顶鹤种群动态变化及生境选择与保护区内土地利用形式、人类活动和生境变化等因素有关.