可展开遮阳罩一般是由多层轻质柔性高精度无褶皱薄膜和展开支撑臂及其控制装置组成,在轨后展开支撑臂有序展开多层大面积薄膜实现光控制和热控制性能,能有效改善和防护空间航天器.针对可展开遮阳罩结构,依据一维轴向、二维平面与三维周向的展开方式分类总结国内外可展开遮阳罩技术的研究进展,并对不同遮阳罩结构形状、薄膜材料、层数与展开方式等进行对比分析;梳理出遮阳罩在杂光抑制、折叠与展开变形机理、极端环境下薄膜多场耦合、低温热控、太阳辐射光压力矩及其计算方法等方面的关键科学问题,并给出了中国研究遮阳罩的发展建议.%A deployable sunshield generally consists of layers flexible, wrinkle-free multilayer membranes with high precision, deployable booms and its control equipments.The deployable booms can orderly unfold the multilayer membrane after on-orbit to realize its light control and heat control performance, and it can effectively improve the protection on the aerospace systems.The state-of-the-art of domestic and international deployable sunshield structures were classified and summarized according to their deployable methods of one dimensional axial, two-dimensional plane and three-dimensional circumferential way, as well as the comparison to different structural design and the membrane materials.Some key scientific problems for the sunshields were presented in stray light suppression,folding and deployable deformation mechanism,more field coupling on membranes under the extreme environment, low temperature thermal control, and other aspects of solar pressure moment and computing methods.In addition, some recommendations were also given for the sunshield progress and research in China.
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