多发性骨髓瘤实验室检查特点

摘要

Multiple myeloma( MM) is a plasma cell monoclonal malignant proliferative disease.The myeloma cells infiltrate bone and soft tissue, produce M protein and cause bone destruction, anemia, renal insufficiency, repeated infection and so on.Through the statistics, the incidence of MM in all malignant tumors accounts for about 1%, and its incidence in blood system of malignant tumor is more than 10%.The pathogenesis of MM is not fully clear, the complex and various clinical symptoms lead to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis easily.The difference of laboratory examination may lead to difficult disease diagnosis and differential diagnosis.Therefore, investigating the clinical and laboratory diagnosis characteristics of MM has clinical significance for the early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of MM.In this paper, the clinical and laboratory diagnosis characteristics of MM are reviewed in detail.%多发性骨髓瘤（ MM）是一种浆细胞单克隆恶性增生性疾病。其骨髓瘤细胞浸润骨骼和软组织，产生M蛋白，引起骨质破坏、贫血、肾功能不全、反复感染等。经统计，在所有恶性肿瘤中MM的发病率占到约1％，而在血液系统恶性肿瘤中其发病率超过10％。其发病机制尚不完全清楚，临床症状复杂多样，极易误诊或漏诊。同时实验室检查指标差别也较大，导致MM的诊断和鉴别诊断困难。因此，探讨MM的临床、实验室诊断特点对MM的早期发现、早期诊断和早期治疗具有很大的临床意义。文章就MM的临床和实验室诊断特点做一综述。