PIXE analysis of obsidian tools from radiocarbon dated archaeological contexts

K. Butalag; L. Calcagnile; G. Quarta; L. Maruccio; M. DElia

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PIXE analysis of obsidian tools from radiocarbon dated archaeological contexts

机译：放射性碳年代考古背景中的黑曜石工具的PIXE分析

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摘要

Obsidian tools from archaeological sites in Turkey and Southern Italy, ~(14)C-AMS dated to the Neolithic were submitted to IBA analyses at CEDAD, University of Salento, Italy. PIXE and PIGE quantitative analysis of major and trace elements allowed the separation of the samples in different compositional groups corresponding to different sources of obsidian, identified on the basis of published data.

机译：来自土耳其和意大利南部考古遗址的黑曜石工具〜（14）C-AMS（新石器时代）已提交给意大利萨伦托大学CEDAD的IBA分析。通过PIXE和PIGE对主要元素和微量元素的定量分析，可以根据已发布的数据确定与不同黑曜石来源相对应的不同组成组中的样品分离。

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《Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research》 |2008年第10期|p.2353-2357|共5页
作者
K. Butalag; L. Calcagnile; G. Quarta; L. Maruccio; M. DElia;
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作者单位

CEDAD (Centro di Datazione e Diagnostica), Department of Engineering of Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;

CEDAD (Centro di Datazione e Diagnostica), Department of Engineering of Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;

CEDAD (Centro di Datazione e Diagnostica), Department of Engineering of Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;

CEDAD (Centro di Datazione e Diagnostica), Department of Engineering of Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;

CEDAD (Centro di Datazione e Diagnostica), Department of Engineering of Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;

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正文语种 eng
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关键词
PIXE; PIGE; cultural heritage; accelerator mass spectrometry; radiocarbon dating;

机译：PIXE;鸽子;文化遗产;加速器质谱;放射性碳测年;

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1. δ~(13)Cp VALUES FROM RADIOCARBON-DATED PLANT MATTER AS AN IMPORTANT BUT UNDEREXPLOITED RESOURCE FOR TERRESTRIAL PALEOCLIMATE ANALYSIS AND ARCHAEOLOGY [J] . Brandon L Drake Radiocarbon . 2013,第3期

机译：放射性碳定年植物的δ〜（13）Cp值是陆地古气候分析和考古学中重要但开采不足的资源
2. EUBAR: A DATABASE OF ~(14)C MEASUREMENTS FOR THE EUROPEAN BRONZE AGE. A BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF ~(14)C-DATED ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS FROM NORTHERN ITALY AND SOUTHERN FRANCE [J] . Giacomo Capuzzo, Elisabetta Boaretto, Juan A Barcelo Radiocarbon . 2014,第2期

机译：EUBAR：欧洲青铜时代〜（14）C测量值的数据库。意大利北部和法国南部〜（14）C日期的考古背景的贝叶斯分析
3. DATING MATERIALS IN GOOD ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS: THE NEXT CHALLENGE FOR RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS [J] . Elisabetta Boaretto Radiocarbon . 2009,第1期

机译：良好考古环境中的约会材料：放射性碳分析的下一个挑战
4. Sources of Archaeological Obsidian in Peru: Descriptions and Geochemistry [C] . Michael D. Glascock, Robert J. Speakman, Richard L. Burger American Chemical Society . 2007

机译：秘鲁考古黑曜石的来源：描述和地球化学
5. Establishing Contexts of Encounters: Radiocarbon Dating of Archaeological Assemblages with Implications for Neanderthal-Modern Human Interactions. [D] . Alex, Bridget Annelia. 2016

机译：建立遭遇的背景：考古学组合的放射性碳年代测定，对尼安德特人与现代人的互动具有影响。
6. Handheld X-ray fluorescence geochemical data of geological and archaeological obsidian from Sonora Mexico [O] . Jesús Roberto Vidal-Solano, Alejandra Marisela Gómez-Valencia, Adriana Hinojo-Hinojo, 2020

机译：墨西哥索诺拉地质和考古黑曜石的手持X射线荧光地球化学数据
7. : "This paper deals with the functionality of the flaked stone assemblages from several Neolithic sites of the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. The chronological framework ranges from the mid-6th to the mid-4th millennium cal. BCE, which corresponds to the Early and Middle Neolithic. This long period ranges from the arrival of the first farming communities in the Iberian Peninsula, around 5600-5500 cal. BCE, to 3600-3500 cal. BCE, two millennia later, when Neolithic communities had stably occupied most of the available territory, from the mountainous areas of the Pyrenees to the coastal areas of the Mediterranean.In this context, the NE of the Iberian Peninsula is one of the areas where a major number of use-wear analyses have been carried out, especially for what concerns the Neolithic period. This is mainly due to the interest shown by the directors of the excavations and by the Spanish use-wear specialists as well; both participated and cooperated in order to enlarge the number of contexts studied, making the NE of the Iberian Peninsula one of the areas of Europe with the largest number of ‘functional studies’. As a result, today we have a reliable picture of the type of lithic tools used by the first farming groups, how they were used, and which needs they were satisfying.The methodology employed for this type of analysis is today broadly shared by most use-wear specialists. A stereoscopic microscope is used together with a reflected-light microscope for the analysis of the archaeological specimens. Afterwards, the observed use-wear traces are compared with the traces from experimental tools. This study primarily made use of the tools preserved at the ‘Traceoteque’ of the Institución Milà y Fontanals of the CSIC of Barcelona.This paper presents the results obtained for the different types of analysed sites and the relative lithic assemblages. In this way, tools from different contexts are compared: open-air sites, caves and rock-shelters, pit-sites, burials, and mining sites. Such a diversity of contexts allowed for the exploration of the existence of recurrences and differences in the functionality of the lithic tools from one site to another. The results obtained have also provided information on some aspects related to the economic processes carried out at the different sites, caves, rock-shelters and open-air contexts. It has been possible to gain fresh data on the types of tasks carried out and their relative importance for each site, their relation with the geographical and environmental context and the natural resources available there. In addition, analysing tools recovered from burials – mainly individual inhumations – provided information on the relationships between the buried individuals and the working tools, in particular exploring the relationships between sex and age patterns and the types of tools deposited as goods.In conclusion, use-wear analysis allowed for the exploration of a variety of issues; from technical aspects related to the production and management of the lithic resources to social aspects related to the subsistence activities and the individuals that carried them out." [O] . Gibaja Bao, Juan Francisco, Mazzucco, Niccolo 2015

机译：：“本文研究了伊比利亚半岛东北部几个新石器时代遗址的片状石材组合的功能。时间框架从公元前6世纪中叶到4世纪中叶，分别对应于早期和早期。新石器时代中期，这段时间的长短是从伊比利亚半岛的第一个农业社区到来，大约在公元前5600-5500 cal，到了两千年后的3600-3500 BCE，当时新石器时代的社区稳定地占据了大部分可用土地。从比利牛斯山脉山区到地中海沿岸地区。在这种情况下，伊比利亚半岛东北部是进行过大量使用磨损分析的地区之一，尤其是在关注方面新石器时代，这主要是由于发掘负责人和西班牙使用服装专家表现出的浓厚兴趣；他们参与和合作以扩大孔蒂的数量xts进行了研究，使伊比利亚半岛的NE成为“功能研究”数量最多的欧洲地区之一。结果，今天我们可以可靠地了解第一批耕作小组使用的石器工具的类型，使用方法以及它们满足的需求。今天，大多数使用方法广泛共享用于这种类型的分析的方法穿专家。立体显微镜与反射光显微镜一起用于分析考古样本。然后，将观察到的使用磨损痕迹与实验工具的痕迹进行比较。这项研究主要利用了巴塞罗那CSIC的米拉·丰塔纳尔研究所的“ Traceoteque”中保存的工具。本文介绍了针对不同类型的分析地点和相对石器组合所获得的结果。通过这种方式，可以比较来自不同环境的工具：露天场所，洞穴和岩石避难所，露天场所，埋葬场所和采矿场所。如此多样的上下文允许探索重复性的存在以及从一个站点到另一个站点的石器工具的功能差异。所获得的结果还提供了与在不同地点，洞穴，避难所和露天环境中进行的经济过程有关的某些方面的信息。可以获得有关所执行任务的类型及其对每个站点的相对重要性，它们与地理和环境环境以及那里可用自然资源的关系的新数据。此外，对从墓葬中回收的工具（主要是个人遗体）进行分析，可提供有关被掩埋的个体与工作工具之间关系的信息，尤其是探索性别与年龄模式之间的关系以及作为商品存放的工具的类型。磨损分析允许探索各种问题；从与石器资源的生产和管理有关的技术方面到与自给活动及其实施者有关的社会方面。”

PIXE analysis of obsidian tools from radiocarbon dated archaeological contexts

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