摘要:<正> Prof.Xia Nai (1910~1985) was an outstanding Chinese archaeologist of substantialscholarly achievement.His academic researches featured profound erudition,a wide field of vision and arigorous scientific approach.In archaeology of prehistoric China.his major contributions consisted in theamendment of the chronological system of Neolithic cultures in the upper Yellow River valley,the stan-dardization of the denomination of cultures in Chinese archaeology,the offering at an earlier time of thetheory of pluralism on the development of the Neolithic culture in China,and archaeological inquiry intothe origin of Chinese civilization.In archaeology of historic times in China,he was good at further andfurther researches in the light of abundant archaeological data and reliable literary records.His attain-ments in the archaeological study of the history of science and technology in China as well as that ofSino-Western communications deserve to be emphasized as pioneer,important contributions.