摘要:对12个地点天然林中核桃楸果实超过100个的单株种实形态性状(包括种子质量、种仁质量、种壳厚、出仁率、三径均值等)进行测定与分析,结果表明:种子质量和种仁质量变异系数(分别为19.9%和20.4%)较大,种壳厚和出仁率变异系数(分别为13.58%和14.42%)中等,三径均值变异系数(8.42%)稍小.对各种源内的种仁质量与种子形态性状拟合,多数种源结果较理想.同时对种仁质量和出仁率分别与环境因子拟合,结果较理想(R2分别为90.71%和76.61%).通过聚类分析和综合坐标法选出优良种源为三岔子、铁力、金山屯、亚布力,并通过综合坐标法选出各种源优良单株为BX1、BX3、BX13、BX30、BX25,DFH2、DFH9、DFH13、DFH26,DJC2、DJC5、DJC8、DJC13,JY7、JY9、JY14、JY21,LJ2、L J7、LJ30、LJ8,WC2、WC3、WC4、WC7,HC1、HC7、HC16,HL1、HL10、HL15、HL26、HL14,JST1、JST4、JST24、JST27,YBL1、YBL5、YBL14、YBL16、YBL9,TL5、TL7、TL20、TL30、TL10,SC16、SC17、SC23、SC3、SC18.选择主要提高了出仁率、种仁质量和种壳厚这三个直接影响核桃楸品质的指标,各种源入选率在15%~25%,出仁率增益在5.81% ~24.28%,种仁质量增益在5.19% ~ 25.77%,种壳厚除东京城、临江、金山屯和亚布力外,其他种源增益不明显.%We studied the seed traits of northeast walnut (Juglans mandshurica) collected from 12 sites in natural forests.The coefficient of variation in seed weight (19.9%) and kernel weight (20.4%) were larger than others,shell thickness (13.58%) and kernel rate (14.42%) were medium,three-diameter mean (8.42%) was smaller.Fitting kernel weight and phenotypic traits of seed in different provenances showed good results.The results of fitting kernel weight and kernel rate with environmental factors were good.Selected superior provenances were Sanchazi,Tieli,Jinshantun,Yabuli by cluster analysis and comprehensive coordinate methods.Through the latter method,the selection of plus trees from provenances were BX1,BX3,BX13,BX30,BX25;DFH2,DFH9,DFH13,DFH26;DJC2,DJC5,DJC8,DJC13;JY7,JY9,JY14,JY21;LJ2,LJ7,LJ30,LJ8;WC2,WC3,WC4,WC7;HC1,HC7,HC16;HL1,HL10,HL15,HL26,HL14;JST1,JST4,JST24,JST27;YBL1,YBL5,YBL14,YBL16,YBL9;TL5,TL7,TL20,TL30,TL10;SC16,SC17,SC23,SC3,and SC 18.The selection improved kernel rate,kernel weight and shell thickness that were three direct qualityindicators.The inclusion rates were in 15%-25%,and Kernel rate and kernel weight gain were in 5.81%-24.28% and5.19%-25.77%,respectively.The shell thickness in other sources gain were not obvious except in Dogjingcheng,Lin-jiang,Jinshantun and Yabuli.